The number of Indians killed by the British during their rule of India is a matter of much debate. Estimates vary widely, but it is generally accepted that the death toll was in the millions. While the precise number of deaths is sensitive to the assumptions we make about baseline mortality, it is clear that somewhere in the vicinity of 100 million people died prematurely at the height of British colonialism. This is among the largest policy-induced mortality crises in human history.
The primary cause of death during the British Raj was famine. In the late 19th century, the British implemented a series of agricultural policies that caused crop yields to plummet. This led to widespread famine, which killed millions of Indians. Other causes of death included disease, war, and displacement. British policies also led to the displacement of millions of Indians, who were forced to flee their homes in search of food and shelter.
The British also employed a variety of tactics to suppress Indian resistance to their rule. These tactics included the use of force, imprisonment, and torture. The British also imposed a number of taxes on Indians, which had the effect of impoverishing large segments of the population. This, in turn, led to increased mortality rates.
In addition to the direct effects of British rule, there were also indirect effects. For example, the British imposed a number of restrictions on Indian trade and industry, which had the effect of stifling economic growth. This, in turn, led to increased poverty and malnutrition, both of which contributed to higher mortality rates.
The precise number of Indians killed by the British is impossible to determine. However, it is clear that the death toll was in the millions. This is among the largest policy-induced mortality crises in human history, and it serves as a stark reminder of the devastating effects of colonialism. The legacy of British rule in India is one of death and destruction, and it is important to remember the human cost of colonialism.